Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurobiological disorder caused by an imbalance of some of the neurotransmitters found in the brain - noradrenaline and dopamine.

ADHD is characterised by the symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. Whilst ADHD behaviours occur to some extent in all of us at times, the difference between ADHD and normal behaviour is the severity and persistence of the problem and the degree of impairment that results.

Hyperactive and impulsive behaviours may include: fidgeting, having trouble playing quietly, interrupting others and always being "on the go". Symptoms of inattention may include: being disorganised, being forgetful and easily distracted; and finding it difficult to sustain attention in tasks or activities.

ADHD is one of the most common behavioural disorders affecting children and adolescents and is thought to affect approximately 5% of school age children. It is 3 times more common in boys than girls and is a hereditary condition.

The consequences of ADHD for children, their families and for society can be very serious. Children can develop poor self-esteem, emotional and social problems and their educational attainment may be severely impaired. ADHD also has negative impact on family functioning and can cause significant stress to parents and siblings.

According to NICE guidelines not all children who might meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD are diagnosed.

Last Updated: 16-Jun-04